Tuesday, 27 July 2010

Etienne Wenger: Knowledgeability

Today I attended a workshop on Knowledgeability in Landscapes of Practice presented by Etienne Wenger and Bev Trayner. This post is a write-up of the session.

"The seminar will explore the connection between knowledge, community, learning, and identity. The basic idea is that human knowing is fundamentally a social act. This simple observation has profound implications for the way we think of and attempt to support learning." (extract from advert for the event)

Etienne introduced us to the idea of "Knowledgeability". Knowledge is the "stuff" we know, but knowledgeability is the state we become by negotiating in a complex landscape of different practices. An example that came up later I think helps explain this, is the idea of a doctor making a decision about whether a patient gets a certain medical test or not. As the doctor you have accountabilities to the patient, to the other doctors to the hospital administration even to your own family and friends, and all of these come into play ('reconcile the landscape') as you make that choice. You need to find the balance across communities that do not see eye to eye.

The key idea seemed to be to recognise your own learning is influenced by all these accountabilities in the landscape of your own practices. And these accountabilities shape what you need to learn and where you should invest your time.

We completed an exercise in groups, thinking about our own accountabilities - and explored the tension between the places we are accountable, particularly where we are paid and where we aren't paid. We contemplated the differences between responsibility which is not the same as accountability. If you are accountable to colleagues, it means you can give an account to your colleagues to show you are a knowledgeable practitioner.

Another example - there might be only 10 people in the world understand some aspect of particle physics - and it's ok for us to not understand them, as we are not accountable to them. However if they aren't accountable outside that small group, then they will feel no need to help others understand.

We then self-formed groups around our own perceived 'primary accountabilities' (recognising, of course, that we are always juggling multiple accountabilities). The groups we came up with were:
  • My children
  • Community development
  • Social adjustors
  • (Unmet) health needs
  • Enforced framework (audit culture)
  • The Oppressed and marginalised
  • Spirituality
  • Student learning and development
Within the groups we were asked to come up with one practice that embodied that sense of accountability. My group (Primary accountability: My children) came up with "organise day to day around our children's need." We had a discussion about guilt - if you have to cancel a lecture, you feel bad and inconvenience 100 students, but if you have to miss your child's school concert you feel terrible about it forever more.

The point of this exercise was to then hear the practices from the other groups and identify boundaries where the practices touched. Sometimes a tension, sometimes a complement.

The risk is that within a community of practice you can becomes too inwardly focused, and it's on the boundaries where ideas can be pushed and moved forward. The community is both a resource and a danger. Etienne argues that social reflection is just not possible within a community, you need to travel and cross boundaries. As a 'learning citizen' we all need to try and step out of our groups and look for places to make conversations on the boundaries - for the future of the planet, he suggested.

The advertising for the seminar suggested that:
"Practically, these ideas are helping people who face all sorts of challenges, such as:
• design more effective knowledge-oriented organizations
• create learning systems across organizations
• improve education and lifelong learning
• rethink the role of professional associations
• design a world in which people can reach their full potential"
It looks like Etienne and Bev gave a similar session at the OU recently, this video gives you an idea and a chance to see them in action:



I can see that in Higher Education it is too easy to teach students within the student learning community of practice, but rarely provide opportunities for them to explore overlaps with other communities, to form their own communities or to recognise their existing communities.

[Etienne was also in Brighton to receive an honorary doctorate from the University of Brighton]

Wednesday, 21 July 2010

University Induction "Collect the Set" - using mobile location check-in

I've been inspired this week but a two posts about Foursquare:

Brent Schlenker talking about whether there is learning potential in rewarding location based check-ins, and Andrew Careaga about including check-ins as part of their campus social media strategy.

Background: Foursquare is a location based social network where users check-in at a location to earn badges, get tips or find out who else they know is (or has been) there recently. There are other competing location based networks like Gowalla, Google Latitude and Britekite. See wikipedia for more.

The idea brewing in my head is to make use of the increasing popularity of these kind of services on mobile devices for first year induction - a way of encouraging new students to explore their university sites and services.

Foursquare offers badges for completing certain (secret) targets, but I don't believe users are able to set their own badges. What I'd like to do is reward students who manage to check-in at all buildings in a particular set (say all buildings on their campus). In the case of the University of Brighton we have 5 campuses, and six libraries scattered from Falmer to Hastings. It's unlikely that any student would ever visit all 5, but they could find new friends on Community@Brighton (our social networking site - Elgg) and complete a set between them.

I need to investigate the privacy issues of check-in statuses, but I believe unless you are somewhere at the same time as another user you can't see their history easily. You can claim locations as the manager, which may be what we need to do in order to track who has checked in.

I think the idea of making friends to complete a set with some kind of (nominal) reward might just strike the right note in those scary early weeks. Would welcome comments, and any University of Brighton colleagues reading this, who's up for helping me try this out!

Friday, 9 July 2010

If I'm tapping away on my phone can it really be work?


Today was our annual Learning and Teaching conference, where I presented a world cafe session on "Building a Personal Research Network with Twitter" (see my handout - a getting started guide)

One of the things I wanted to demonstrate was the twitter stream for the conference hashtag #uoblt10, so during the sessions I made sure to tweet regularly and encouraged my twitter colleagues in attendance to do the same. And the thing I noticed from non-tweeters was their assumption when they saw me tapping away on the iPad that I was "not paying attention" or was "being rude to the presenter" (both direct quotes from colleagues).

I'd like to argue why this is not the case! My use of twitter during the sessions actually involved a great deal of engagement with the topic. Live tweeting requires the ability to pay attention, summarise interesting points of the discussion into a concise and focused 160 characters suitable for sharing with the wider world.

Anyone scribbling on a notepad or tapping on a laptop is assumed to be taking notes, which is considered fine. But taking notes on mobile devices or tweeting has different perceptions. Particularly when you translate this to students in a classroom or lecture setting - who should make the judgement about whether twitter enhances or distracts a student from the content of the lecture; the student or the lecturer?

I imagine this perception will change over time as we become more used to seeing the backchannel presented at conferences and in lectures, so being part of the conversation is more valued.

Incidentally, once I showed colleagues the conference stream they were highly impressed with the quality and content of the discussion they were missing.

Tuesday, 6 July 2010

The Future of the Managed Learning Environment - diagrams

This week we begin an eLearning review at the University of Brighton. I wanted to come up with a model to help the members of the review group understand the jigsaw pieces involved in providing what we call a 'managed learning environment' so we could look at the various options and how they relate to each other, so here I offer what I've come up with and invite your comments:
1. My model for the main elements of a Managed Learning Environment

2. Based on the model, this represents where we are today, the main systems we currently use.

3. Based on the model, where I think we should be going next, with examples of the tools that could offer this.

I know the general model here might offend those who believe passionately in a Personal Learning Environment, but as Emma Duke-Williams argues (see the comments of this Cloud Learning Environment post), a PLE can't be provided. My model is about what the institution can provide. The user can choose to use whatever they like and you can imagine a lot of arrows coming out of my future diagram to allow them this choice.

My future model is based loosely on the Hub and Spoke design from Washington State. I hope it demonstrates using the institutional data as a hub from which all kinds of spokes can be connected with varying degrees of integration.

One of the possible hubs I suggest above is Schoology, an (external) online enterprise learning management system and social network. I'm interested in seeing cloud solutions appear in this area, competing with the big players like Blackboard.

Thursday, 1 July 2010

3 steps to successful discussion boards (without assessment)

This is another gem from Catherine Owen's presentation on the REAP project. Catherine talked about a very successful first year psychology course redesign getting students in groups of 7 to use discussion boards to collaboratively write short reports, peer review each other and practice writing at University level ready for the assessment. [prior to the redesign the first written piece of the work the students undertook was the final assessment - and they really needed feedback before then but with 560 students this was a challenge]

In my experience the only time discussion boards work well is where there is a clear need for the users (usually no face to face option) or it is assessed, however in this case study neither of these were the case. Here are Catherine's three tips to really get the students sharing:

1. Normalise

The discussion board was introduced in week one of the first year as the normal method of communication on the course with each other and the academic staff. The students knew no different and accepted it as 'the norm'.

2. Structure

The monday lecture each week gave very clear guidance on exactly what the students were expected to post on the boards - this consisted of responses to a core set of questions or a collaborative group task.

3. Motivation

In the lectures the academic consistently referred back to discussions on the boards, praising posts and responding to common issues. Students felt they needed to be part of the discussion in order to be part of the course community.

Of course there were students who just didn't do it, but tracking was used so students who had not joined in could be contacted and supported or encouraged as required.

The results of this were staggeringly impressive:

"The Department of Psychology at SU re-engineered the first year Basic Psychology class to improve reflective and sustainable learning with 50% of the lectures being replaced by online tasks which involve peer discussions around progressively more complex formative assessments. This peer scaffolded design where monitored peer feedback supports large student numbers resulted in a 6% rise in average exam marks and reduction in the course failure rate from 12.1% to 2.8% without any workload increases. "

Case study on REAP website: http://www.reap.ac.uk/assessment/pilotsSUPsy.html

Can't argue with evidence like that!